PHP OOPS Concept

Encapsulation: Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds together code and the data it manipulates, and keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse. The wrapping up of data and methods into a single unit (called class) is known as encapsulation. The benefit of encapsulating is that it performs the task inside without making you worry.

Polymorphism: Objects could be of any type. A discrete object can have discrete properties and methods which work separately to other objects. However a set of objects could be derived from a parent object and retain some properties of the parent class. This process is called polymorphism. An object could be morphed into several other objects retaining some of its behavior.

Inheritance: The key process of deriving a new object by extending another object is called inheritance. When you inherit an object from another object, the subclass (which inherits) derives all the properties and methods of the superclass (which is inherited). A subclass can then process each method of superclass anyway (which is called overriding).

Coupling: Coupling is the behaviour of how classes are dependent on each other. Loosely coupled architecture is much more reusable than tightly coupled objects. In the next chapter we will learn details about coupling. Coupling is a very important concern for designing better objects.

Design Patterns: First invented by the "Gang of Four", design patterns are just tricks in object oriented programming to solve similar sets of problems with a smarter approach. Using design patterns (DP) can increase the performance of your whole application with minimal code written by developers. Sometimes it is not possible to design optimized solutions without using DP. But unnecessary and unplanned use of DP can also degrade the performance of your application. We have a chapter devoted for design patterns in this book.

Subclass: A very common term in OOP, and we use this term throughout this book. When an object is derived from another object, the derived one is called the subclass of which it is derived from.

Superclass:  A class is superclass to an object if that object is derived from it. To keep it simple, when you extend an object, the object which you are extending is the superclass of a newly extended object.

Instance: Whenever you create an object by calling its constructor, it will be called an instance. To simplify this, whenever you write some thing like this $var = new Object(); you actually create an instance of object class.

Constructor: A constructor method is the method that executes automatically while creating instances of the class. In PHP5, there are two ways you can write a constructor method inside a class. The first one is to create a method with the name __construct() inside the class. The second is to create a method naming exactly the same as class name. For example if your class name is Emailer, the name of the constructor method will be Emailer().

·         Notes: If you want to access any method of the parent class (or you may say superclass) from which it is derived, you can call using the parent keyword. For example, if you want to access a method named sayHello, you should write parent::sayHello();

·         If you declare any method as a final method, it can't be overridden in any of its subclass.

·         Declare a class as final, which will prevent anyone from extending it

Interface: Interface is an empty class which contains only the declaration of methods. So any class which implements this interface must contain the declared functions in it. So, interface is nothing but a strict ruling, which helps to extend any class and strictly implement all methods defined in interface. A class can use any interface by using the implements keyword. Please note that in interface you can only declare methods, but you cannot write their body. That means the body of all methods must remain blank.

You can access a static method or property directly without creating any instance of that class. A static member is like a global member for that class and all instances of that class. Also, static properties persist the last state of what it was assigned, which is very useful in some cases.

Selecting Data in an OO Way

Let's see how to select data from a table in an OO way using MySQLi API.

<?php

$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "un" "pwd", "db");

if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {

echo("Failed to connect, the error message is : ".

mysqli_connect_error());

exit();}

/* close connection */

$result = $mysqli->query("select * from users");

while ($data = $result->fetch_object())

{

echo $data->name." : '".$data->pass."' \n";

}

?>

The output is as following:

robin : 'no password'

        tipu : 'bolajabena'

Create a config file named config.php as in the following:

1. <?php  
2.     define("DB_HOST", 'localhost');  
3.     define("DB_USER", 'root');  
4.     define("DB_PASSWORD", '');  
5.     define("DB_DATABSE", 'mypratice');  
6. ?>  

Make a database connection class. Create the file named dbConnect.php as in the following:

1. <?php  
2.     class dbConnect {  
3.         function __construct() {  
4.             require_once('config.php');  
5.             $conn = mysql_connect(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD);  
6.             mysql_select_db(DB_DATABSE, $conn);  
7.             if(!$conn)// testing the connection  
8.             {  
9.                 die ("Cannot connect to the database");  
10.             }   
11.             return $conn;  
12.         }  
13.         public function Close(){  
14.             mysql_close();  
15.         }  
16.     }  
17. ?>  

Make a Function class. Create the file named dbFunction.php as in the following:

<?php 

                require_once 'dbConnect.php'; 

                session_start(); 

                    class dbFunction { 

                           

                        function __construct() { 

                             

                            // connecting to database 

                            $db = new dbConnect();; 

                              

                        } 

                        // destructor 

                        function __destruct() { 

             

        } 

                        public function UserRegister($username, $emailid, $password){ 

                                $password = md5($password); 

                                $qr = mysql_query("INSERT INTO users(username, emailid, password) values('".$username."','".$emailid."','".$password."')") or die(mysql_error()); 

                                return $qr; 

                              

                        }

                                }

?>

After the preceding procedure use the Function

include_once('dbFunction.php');  

funObj = new dbFunction(); 

$register = $funObj->UserRegister($username, $emailid, $password); 

    if($register){ 

        echo "<script>alert('Registration Successful')</script>"; 

    }else{ 

        echo "<script>alert('Registration Not Successful')</script>"; 

    }